ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) surgery is a common procedure to repair a torn ACL, a ligament in the knee that stabilizes the joint. ACL injuries often occur during sports or activities that involve sudden stops, changes in direction, or direct blows to the knee. Surgery involves reconstructing the torn ligament using a graft, typically from the patient's own tissue (autograft) or a donor tissue (allograft). The goal of ACL surgery is to restore stability to the knee, alleviate pain, and allow the patient to return to their previous level of activity.

A meniscus injury involves damage to the meniscus, a C-shaped cartilage in the knee that acts as a shock absorber and provides stability to the joint. Meniscus injuries can occur due to sudden twisting or direct impact to the knee, often during sports or activities that involve pivoting or sudden stops. Treatment for meniscus injuries depends on the severity and location of the tear but may include conservative measures such as rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications, or surgical intervention to repair or remove the damaged tissue.

A patella injury involves damage to the kneecap, the triangular bone at the front of the knee joint. Patella injuries can range from fractures and dislocations to overuse injuries such as patellar tendonitis or patellofemoral pain syndrome (runner's knee). These injuries can result from direct trauma, repetitive stress, or abnormal tracking of the patella within the groove of the femur. Treatment for patella injuries may include rest, immobilization, physical therapy, bracing, or in severe cases, surgical intervention to repair or realign the kneecap.